At lower temperatures, the branches merge and we obtain the minerals common to the felsic rocks orthoclase feldspar, muscovite mica, and quartz. Each type of rock has characteristics that make it special and unique, and no two rocks are exactly the same. What is a rock and what are 3 basic types of rocks earth. Sedimentary rock learners do not need to memorise the different names for all the examples of rocks in the following three sections, but they should be able to name one or two examples for each rock type. Igneous rocks are divided into two main categories. Rocks and minerals unit this is a unit i designed for my primarily preschooler, but my older two kids 2nd, 4th grades will join in as well. Each rock type was formed under certain specific conditions, resulting in the formation of a fairly predictable group of minerals. By examining fossils, scientists can ascertain an ancient. Igneous rocks are sometimes considered primary rocks because they.
Fossils consist of the remains of any living organism preserved in a hard substance, such as mineral or rock. Rocks can be a combination of as many as six types of minerals. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition and the way in which it is formed. Rocks are formed in three different ways to produce igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Obsidian, basalt, and granite are all examples of igneous rocks. Types of rocks foldable second grade science, third grade. The main variations among different types of magmas are. However, rocks are difficult to identify because there are great variations in their appearance and composition. This is an exothermic process heat is liberated and involves a change of phase from the liquid to solid state. A sort activity using the three types of rocks, sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Some examples of metamorphic rocks are gneiss, slate, marble, and schist. Most rocks are a mixture of many different minerals and contain naturally occurring compounds. This geology video explains how igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are formed, how to identify a rocks type and how the rock. Sedimentary rocks pictures, characteristics, textures, types.
When the magma reaches the earths surface and turns. Rocks can be divided into three broad categories igneous, metamorphic. Students have learned that there are three different types of rocks, each of which possesses different characteristics. Rockforming minerals geological society of glasgow. Under high temperature and pressure, the sediment becomes compacted. Igneous rocks are the oldest type of rock and is a volcanic rock. This ultimately results in the rock breaking down into pieces.
Types of rocks and their properties pdf download geography. Soil is quite important as it helps in ensuring life can thrive on earth. Students must cut out the boxes and then place them in the right categories. A rock is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. Rocks normally consist of several minerals, some essential, some accessory. This presentation will tell you about the 3 types of rocks. Can be a teacher led activity or individual work time, or center activity. Igneous rocks are formed as a result of cooling of magma. The movement of the plates creates three types of tectonic boundaries. Jul 31, 2019 some common rocks can be scratched with your fingernails such as shale, soapstone, gypsum rock, and peat. Others may be soft in the ground, but they harden once they spend time in the air. They are formed in layers when sediment is deposited. Through a slideshow, draw it activities, open ended questions, and videos, students learn about the three types of rocks.
Three types of rocks sort sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic. Igneous rocks are of two types, intrusive and extrusive. A rock can also include nonminerals, such as the organic matter within a coal bed, or within some shales. These minerals are associated with the mafic and intermediate types of rocks.
Characteristics of igneous rocks most igneous rocks are very hard made of crystals layering is not common in igneous rocks metamorphic rocks sedimentary and igneous rocks can become buried deep in the earths crust. Types of rocks and their properties pdf download geography the earths crust is composed of rocks. Three types of rocks sort sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic a sort activity using the three types of rocks, sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Tiny rocks as small as grains of salt are called boulders. Sedimentary rocks are called secondary, because they are often the result of the accumulation of small pieces broken off of preexisting rocks. Rapid cooling results in smaller crystals while slow cooling results in large crystals. In case of shearing, the rock is pulled in two opposite directions by force. Apr 06, 2017 this geology video explains how igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are formed, how to identify a rocks type and how the rock cycle can change one type of rock into another.
Before examining each group, you will look at a model for the rock cycle, which is the process that shows the relationships between the rock groups. Each type is based on the conditions under which those rocks formed. Teacher will bring a variety of beautiful colorful rocks. Students construct foldable, cut out, match, and glue in definitions and examples. When the magma reaches the earths surface and turns into lava, it cools and turns into igneous rock. This is a good way to build background knowledge or check for understanding of this topic. Three types of rocks strand rocks topic classifying rocks primary sol es. Types of rocks foldable by the busy class teachers pay teachers. Plate tectonics information and facts national geographic. Try and work out whether they are sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic. After all, most rocks have been around for millions of years. Nov 16, 2015 compression, shearing and tension are the three main types of stresses faced by rocks. Rocks and minerals unit the science zonewhere everyones a. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration.
It is very important to understand the difference between rocks and minerals. At lower temperatures, the branches merge and we obtain the minerals common to the felsic rocks orthoclase feldspar. Rocks that form when melted rock cools and hardens. Metamorphic rocks form when the buried rock is changed under high temperature and pressure. Ideas for a fossil science fair project can range from exploring processes by which fossils are made to making simulated fossils with modern materials. Rock types openlearn open university the open university. Gabbro and granite are examples of intrusive igneous rocks. Rocks that form when small grains of rock are pressed together and become cemented. Igneous rocks are formed when melted rock magma cools and solidifies. Slightly changing the different elements that combine with silica greatly changes the mineral that results, or the characteristics of the mineral. A rock is a solid material that is composed of various minerals. On the basis of mode of formation the rocks are divided into three categories. These sheets require tracing, some matching, and some.
The three major types of rocks are igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when the magma cools off slowly under the earths crust and hardens into rocks. Photos of common clastic, chemical, and organic sedimentary rock types. The geology toolkit helps explain the three main types of rock. Plate tectonics and the action of water combine to create the three main types of rocks.
Sedimentary rocks are formed as result of accumulation of species either in land or water. After a basic introduction to the rock cycle and the three main types of rocks, young geologists can deepen their understanding of how rocks change through a fun learning game. By the end of this lesson, students will be able to define the three major rock types. Free powerpoint templates page 33 clastic sedimentary rock formed when fragments andor sediments of preexisting rock are compacted or cemented together. Rocks fall into three classes according to their origin.
Students will be able to define and describe how the three major types of rocks are formed. For this rock cycle worksheet, students are given twelve rocks to separate into three major groups of rocks including sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks. For example, ruby and sapphire are differently coloured types of the mineral corundum al2o3. Rocks and minerals unit the science zonewhere everyones. For example, the layers of sedimentary rocks are easily confused with the squished bands of minerals in. Arial default design three types of rocks slide 2 slide 3 slide 4 slide 5 slide 6 slide 7 slide 8 slide 9 slide 10 slide 11 slide 12 slide slide 14. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Some igneous rocks are formed when the magma erupts from a volcano.
As a geologist, it is their job to unlock the mystery behind the rock. Dec 03, 2009 in all, there are three types of rocks. Rocks that become metamorphic are so deep in the crust that they are very close to the mantle. A mineral is a combination of elements that forms an inorganic, naturally occurring solid of a definite chemical structure. Over vast expanses of time, changes in temperature and pressure within earth may transform rocks into other rock types. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In regards to the force of compression, external force acts on the rock to squeeze it until it disintegrates.
The following list gives examples of different crystal habits and examples of common minerals. Based on the characteristics and events shared by a reader. For a challenge or for older students have them write their own definitions and examples and save on paper. In nature, however, the boundaries between these rocks may well be gradational, and there are a few rock types that do not fit perfectly into a single category. They will be able to describe how these three types of rocks are formed. A sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock groups along with igneous and metamorphic rocks and is formed in four main ways. Large rocks are broken down very gradually and the smaller pieces are transported by wind, water, and ice. Rocks come in many types, but generally fall into three major types.
The three main categories of rocks linkedin slideshare. The three main types, or classes, of rock are sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous and the differences among them have to do with how they are formed. Briefly metamorphic rocks are formed when the rock becomes unstable as a result of environment. The three main types of mysterious rocks are igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. These types of soil have different characteristics meaning they are used for varied reasons.
Three types of rocks jefferson county public schools. Compression, shearing and tension are the three main types of stresses faced by rocks. Plutonic or intrusive rocks result when magma cools and crystallizes slowly within the earths crust. These are rocks made from fire or heat deep down in the earth the rocks and minerals are very hot and the heat froms them into magma. Typically, the melting of rocks is caused by one or more of three processes. Sep 23, 2012 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Sedimentary rocks are usually quite soft and crumbly, this is because they are made of grains that are stuck together.
Rock cycle notes three types of rocks sedimentary igneous metamorphic sedimentary rocks sediment is produced through the process of weathering. One focuses on the 3 main types of rocks, and the other is a simplified rock cycle diagram with interpretation questions. It comes from deep in the earth where magma is formed. Rocks and minerals unit big rocks are called pebbles. Plants get their nutrients from soil while human beings may use a given type of soil for. Students list what is made from rocks and explain what they think about why rocks look different. Free powerpoint templates page 34 clastic sedimentary rock. Formed from lowsilica lava, basalt is the most common type of volcanic rock. This igneous rock may range from white to pink to gray, depending on the mix of quartz, feldspar, and other minerals it contains. You should know all about sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks, so have a look at these pictures and see if you can identify each specimen. Types of rocks foldable second grade science, third.
Clastic sedimentary rocks are accumulations of clasts. But even a small rock you find in your yard is pretty amazing. Rocks form the earths outer solid layer, the crust. The three main types of soil known to man include sand soil, loam soil and clay soil. Rocks are classified into three groups based on how they were formed. What is a rock that forms when existing rock is changed by heat and pressure beneath earths surface called. Metamorphic rocks are formed when preexisting rocks are exposed to extreme heat and pressure metamorphic rocks are found deep within earths crust, so there is a lot of rock on top pressing down. They answer questions about each type of rock and the rock cycle. Feb 12, 2007 some examples of metamorphic rocks are gneiss, slate, marble, and schist. We are now going to take a closer look at each of the three main types of rocks. We tie the three major rock groups together in the rock cycle, a simplified view of the. Sedimentary rock is formed when rocks on the surface are weathered and the small particles, along with plant and animal material, are deposited in sediments at the bottom of lakes, oceans and rivers. Through a microscope, a rock shows that it is made of crystals of different minerals, all growing together like a puzzle.